The position paper from the Society of Toxicologic Pathology addresses the assessment of hyperplastic lesions in rodent carcinogenicity studies, underscoring their relevance to human hazard identification and risk assessment. It highlights that hyperplasia, often an age-related change, may also signal potential neoplastic processes. The paper calls for pathologists to evaluate these lesions in context, taking into account the relationship between hyperplastic and neoplastic changes, concurrent lesions, and lesion characteristics, while advocating for standardized terminology and effective communication in findings interpretation.